These terms often come up in Internet-related discussion and are often misunderstood. Below we will use the simple analogy of an apartment building to explain how these terms relate. For the record, www.HostArmor.com is a web host company and www.InkIgnite.com is a web design agency.
Domain Name: The address of your apartment. Although you do not own the address, you rent the building and therefore rent the rights to it. You may have a year-long contract that ensures you have the address for at least a year (domain name registration).
Web Host: This is the apartment complex. It houses many apartments (web hosting accounts) and more apartment space can be purchased if it becomes too small for your decor (website).
Server: The structure of the entire apartment complex. It provides things like running water and electricity to all the apartments.
Web Hosting Account: Your apartment. Your possessions (website) need a place to be, so you rent part of the apartment complex (web hosting) to house it all.
Website: The decor of your apartment. The chairs, the tables, the curtains, etc. Your apartment interior (website) can be decorated however you like.
SSL Certificate: The mail you receive or send that not only has your address (domain name), but also delivery confirmation and is insured. You need the insurance and delivery confirmation (SSL certificate) for secure mail to and from your address and apartment (domain name and website).